Primary healthcare system and provider responses to the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan
Princeton University
How they used Delve
Researchers at Princeton University used Delve to analyse remote interviews with Afghan health decision-makers and providers after the Taliban takeover, with two researchers coding independently and refining codes through a second round, under a framework analysis approach.
“Data were analysed within the qualitative data analysis software Delve (https://delvetool.com/). The initial coding was conducted by MB-R and ESD, with oversight from AS.”
- Field
- Health systems in conflict settings / Afghanistan after the 2021 Taliban takeover
- Data
- Remote Zoom in-depth interviews of about 60 minutes each with roughly 26 decision-makers, implementing organisation staff and providers, conducted October 2022 to February 2023 in English, Pashto or Farsi and translated and transcribed by an independent firm; field notes stood in for two participants who declined recording
- Approach
- Iterative framework analysis within an interpretivist paradigm, starting from an initial coding framework and refining themes as insights emerged; interim analysis during data collection shaped later interviews, and interviewing continued to saturation. Validity supported by member checking, two researchers independently developing codes with all three meeting to resolve discrepancies, and presentation of preliminary findings to expert peers
- Data types
- Interviews
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Existing health system challenges in Afghanistan were amplified by the Taliban’s August 2021 government takeover during which the country faced an evolving security situation, border closures, banking interruptions, donor funding disruptions and international staff evacuations. We investigated factors that influenced health sector and health service delivery following the takeover. METHODS: We purposively sampled individuals knowledgeable about Afghanistan’s health sector and health professionals working in underserved areas of the country. We identified codes and themes of the data using framework analysis. RESULTS: Factors identified as supporting continued health service delivery following August 2021 include external funding and operational flexibilities, ongoing care provision by local implementers and providers, health worker motivation, flexible contracting out arrangements and improved security. Factors identified as contributing to disruptions include damaged infrastructure, limited supplies, ineffective government implementation efforts and changes in government leadership and policies resulting in new coordination and capacity challenges. There were mixed views on the role pay-for-performance schemes played. Participants also shared concerns about the new working environment. These included loss of qualified health professionals and the associated impact on quality of care, continued dependency on external funding, women’s inability to finish their studies or take on any leadership positions, various impacts of the Mahram policy, mental stress, the future of care provision for female patients and widespread economic hardship which impacts nearly every aspect of Afghan life. CONCLUSION: Afghanistan’s health sector presents a compelling case of adaptability in the face of crisis. Despite the anticipated and reported total collapse due to the country’s power shift, various factors enabled health services to continue in some settings while others acted as barriers. The potential role of these factors should be considered in the context of future service delivery in Afghanistan and other settings at risk of political and societal disruption.
Citation
Mustafa Basij-Rasikh, Elisa S Dickey, Alyssa Sharkey (2024). Primary healthcare system and provider responses to the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan. BMJ Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013760