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Education Sciences · October 2026

The Compliance Trap and Relational Anchors in Structured Instructional Leadership

Laura Schlottman

Montana State University

Thematic analysisMixed methods Education

How they used Delve

A researcher at Montana State University used Delve to line-by-line code open-ended survey responses from 33 teachers and interviews with nine teachers and six principals across five Southern California charter schools, in a study of a 14-day instructional leadership cycle.

“In the original study, interview transcripts and open-ended responses were analyzed using Delve (Version 0.9.1; Twenty to Nine LLC, New York, NY, USA, 2020). Line-by-line coding produced five recurring codes: connection, collaboration, professional development, stress, and COVID-19.”

Field
K-12 instructional leadership; school principals
Data
Open-ended survey responses from 33 experienced teachers, interviews with nine teachers and six principals, collected during a 14-day BICE leadership cycle across five public charter schools in Southern California
Approach
Qualitative secondary analysis of a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study; line-by-line coding in Delve in the original study, then a role-by-source matrix and constant comparison for the reanalysis
Data types
Open-ended survey responses, Interviews

Abstract

Instructional leadership is often displaced by compliance requirements, operational demands, and formal evaluation. This qualitative secondary analysis examined how teachers and principals described organizational pressures and relational practices during a 14-day Build Rapport, Inspire Feedback, Celebrate Success, and Exceed Results (BICE) leadership cycle across five Southern California public charter schools. Data included open-ended survey responses from 33 experienced teachers, interviews with nine teachers, and interviews with six principals. A role-by-source matrix and constant comparison were used to examine demands that displaced developmental work, valued leadership practices, and convergence or tension across participant groups. Two cross-cutting themes emerged. The compliance trap described how urgent operational and accountability demands displaced coaching, recognition, and relationship-building. Relational anchors—approachability, trust, feedback, recognition, collaboration, and human connection—helped preserve developmental relationships within these pressures. Structured, non-evaluative leadership routines may help translate relational commitments into dependable practice by protecting time for connection, observation, recognition, and collective next steps. The findings do not establish that BICE caused teacher retention; rather, they identify practical organizational conditions that may support professional connection and continued development across career stages.

Citation

Laura Schlottman (2026). The Compliance Trap and Relational Anchors in Structured Instructional Leadership. Education Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16101656

Resources

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